Hi everybody,

Today´s class will be devoted to answering some questions about the historical and linguistic development of England/English from the Anglo-saxons to the Middle Ages (15th century).

You will work in groups and will try to answer the following questions based on the article by David Crystal:

The Anglo-Saxon Period 449 AD:

1. According to David Crystal, who are the barbarian invaders that reach the borders of England?

2. Which are three invaders that settled in Britain after the Roman Empire?

3. What happens to the Celtic language during the Anglo-Saxon period?

4. What was Latin used for, who introduced it again in 597 AD? What´s the relationship between Latin and literacy during that time?

5. Was there any standard spelling system?

6. What dialects emerge in England during the Anglo-Saxon period?


The Vikings 787 AD

1. How long do the Vikings raid Britain?

2. Where do they mostly rule during the 100 years until the Anglo-Saxons strike back in 878 AD?

3. What´s the Danelaw?

4. When does Canute rule England?

5. What was the influence of the Danish language on Old English? What words, names, etc, has the English language adopted from that time?


The Norman Conquest 1066

1. What changes does William of Normandy introduce when he invades England?

2. What language is established then?

3. Why does Crystal claim that England was then a trilingual country?

4. What developments does English suffer during the Norman Conquest?


The Resurgence of English 1200-1400

1. What languages, other than English, start being of interest in the 12th century? Why is this important?

2. What universities are established then?

3. What happens to French in this period? Who speaks it?

4. When does English become the language of power? What role does French and Latin have then?

5. How many French words entered the English language during the 14th century? Can you find examples?

In the next session, we will start analysing Tudor England (1485-1603). I will leave a photocopy in Agustinas.

See you later,
Claudia